Understanding the Role of Anti-Sperm Antibodies in Male Infertility

In the modern infertility clinic setting, it is increasingly recognised that male factors extend well beyond simple sperm count and motility. One important but often overlooked parameter is the presence of anti-sperm antibodies of the IgG class. These antibodies are produced when the immune system reacts to sperm antigens, typically due to a breach of the blood-testis barrier or other immunological disruption. According to scientific literature, antisperm antibodies (ASA) are found in a significant fraction of infertile men and may impair fertilisation by compromising sperm mobility, binding or the acrosome reaction. 

One of the most reliable ways to detect IgG antisperm antibodies on the surface of spermatozoa is the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test. The MAR method involves mixing motile sperm with particles (such as latex beads) coated with anti-human IgG. If sperm are coated with IgG antibodies, the particles adhere to the sperm head or tail, allowing for quantification of the percentage of spermatozoa affected.  

Routine screening for IgG antisperm antibodies is recommended in cases of unexplained male infertility, recurrent IVF failure or when standard semen parameters appear normal but fertilisation outcomes are poor. Detecting these antibodies early allows clinicians to tailor treatment – for example, by selecting specific assisted reproductive techniques or applying immunomodulatory strategies. With an IgG detection kit designed for the MAR method, laboratories can integrate immunological assessment of male fertility into their workflow reliably and efficiently.

In short, incorporating antisperm IgG screening via the MAR method elevates the male fertility evaluation beyond the basics, enhances diagnostic precision and supports better clinical decision-making in fertility management.